This paper aims to provide a comprehensive critical overview on how entities
and their interactions in Complex Networked Systems (CNS) are modelled across
disciplines as they approach their ultimate goal of creating a Digital Twin
(DT) that perfectly matches the reality. We propose a new framework to
conceptually compare diverse existing modelling paradigms from different
perspectives and create unified assessment criteria to assess their respective
capabilities of reaching such an ultimate goal. Using the proposed criteria, we
also appraise how far the reviewed current state-of-the-art approaches are from
the idealised DTs. We also identify and propose potential directions and ways
of building a DT-orientated CNS based on the convergence and integration of CNS
and DT utilising a variety of cross-disciplinary techniques.

本文旨在提供关于如何对复杂网络系统中的实体和交互进行建模的综述，以达到创建完美匹配现实的数字孪生的最终目标。我们提出了一个新的框架来比较不同学科中现有的建模范例，并创建统一的评估标准，以评估它们各自达到终极目标的能力。使用所提出的标准，我们还评估了当前最先进方法距离理想数字孪生的距离。我们还鉴定和提出了构建基于 CNS 和 DT 汇聚和融合的 DT 导向的 CNS 的潜在方向和方法，利用各种跨学科技术。