The performance of machine learning models heavily depends on the quality of
input data, yet real-world applications often encounter various data-related
challenges. One such challenge could arise when curating training data or
deploying the model in the real world - two comparable datasets in the same
domain may have different distributions. While numerous techniques exist for
detecting distribution shifts, the literature lacks comprehensive approaches
for explaining dataset differences in a human-understandable manner. To address
this gap, we propose a suite of interpretable methods (toolbox) for comparing
two datasets. We demonstrate the versatility of our approach across diverse
data modalities, including tabular data, language, images, and signals in both
low and high-dimensional settings. Our methods not only outperform comparable
and related approaches in terms of explanation quality and correctness, but
also provide actionable, complementary insights to understand and mitigate
dataset differences effectively.

通过提出一套可解释性方法对比两个数据集，我们展示了这种方法在各种数据模式下的多功能性，不仅在解释质量和正确性方面优于相关方法，而且能够提供行动性的、互补的见解来有效理解和减轻数据集的差异。

这些数据集之间有何不同？

What is different between these datasets?

Automatic image description systems are commonly trained and evaluated on
large image description datasets. Recently, researchers have started to collect
such datasets for languages other than English. An unexplored question is how
different these datasets are from English and, if there are any differences,
what causes them to differ. This paper provides a cross-linguistic comparison
of Dutch, English, and German image descriptions. We find that these
descriptions are similar in many respects, but the familiarity of crowd workers
with the subjects of the images has a noticeable influence on description
specificity.

通过对英语、荷兰语和德语图像描述的跨语言比较，发现众包工作者对图像的熟悉程度对图像描述的具体性有明显影响。