General purpose AI, such as ChatGPT, seems to have lowered the barriers for
the public to use AI and harness its power. However, the governance and
development of AI still remain in the hands of a few, and the pace of
development is accelerating without proper assessment of risks. As a first step
towards democratic governance and risk assessment of AI, we introduce
Particip-AI, a framework to gather current and future AI use cases and their
harms and benefits from non-expert public. Our framework allows us to study
more nuanced and detailed public opinions on AI through collecting use cases,
surfacing diverse harms through risk assessment under alternate scenarios
(i.e., developing and not developing a use case), and illuminating tensions
over AI development through making a concluding choice on its development. To
showcase the promise of our framework towards guiding democratic AI, we gather
responses from 295 demographically diverse participants. We find that
participants' responses emphasize applications for personal life and society,
contrasting with most current AI development's business focus. This shows the
value of surfacing diverse harms that are complementary to expert assessments.
Furthermore, we found that perceived impact of not developing use cases
predicted participants' judgements of whether AI use cases should be developed,
and highlighted lay users' concerns of techno-solutionism. We conclude with a
discussion on how frameworks like Particip-AI can further guide democratic AI
governance and regulation.

以非专家的公众参与为基础，通过收集使用案例、评估风险、揭示 AI 发展的张力等方式，引入了 Particip-AI 框架以实现对 AI 的民主治理和风险评估，研究发现参与者的回应强调了个人生活和社会应用，显示了多样化的危害与专家评估的互补价值，还发现不发展使用案例的感知影响了参与者是否认为 AI 使用案例应该开发，并凸显了普通用户对技术解决主义的担忧。