Artificial Intelligence (AI) based image analysis has an immense potential to
support diagnostic histopathology, including cancer diagnostics. However,
developing supervised AI methods requires large-scale annotated datasets. A
potentially powerful solution is to augment training data with synthetic data.
Latent diffusion models, which can generate high-quality, diverse synthetic
images, are promising. However, the most common implementations rely on
detailed textual descriptions, which are not generally available in this
domain. This work proposes a method that constructs structured textual prompts
from automatically extracted image features. We experiment with the PCam
dataset, composed of tissue patches only loosely annotated as healthy or
cancerous. We show that including image-derived features in the prompt, as
opposed to only healthy and cancerous labels, improves the Fr\'echet Inception
Distance (FID) from 178.8 to 90.2. We also show that pathologists find it
challenging to detect synthetic images, with a median sensitivity/specificity
of 0.55/0.55. Finally, we show that synthetic data effectively trains AI
models.

人工智能基于图像分析在诊断组织病理学方面，尤其是癌症诊断方面具有巨大潜力。为了开发监督式人工智能方法，需要大规模的注释数据集。本研究提出了一种从自动提取的图像特征中构建结构化文本提示的方法。通过在提示中引入图像特征而不仅仅是正常和癌症标签，我们改善了 Fréchet Inception Distance (FID) 的性能，从 178.8 提升到 90.2。我们还表明，病理学家难以检测到合成图像，敏感性 / 特异性的中位数为 0.55/0.55。最后，我们展示了合成数据有效地训练人工智能模型。