Estimating what would be an individual's potential response to varying levels
of exposure to a treatment is of high practical relevance for several important
fields, such as healthcare, economics and public policy. However, existing
methods for learning to estimate counterfactual outcomes from observational
data are either focused on estimating average dose-response curves, or limited
to settings with only two treatments that do not have an associated dosage
parameter. Here, we present a novel machine-learning approach towards learning
counterfactual representations for estimating individual dose-response curves
for any number of treatments with continuous dosage parameters with neural
networks. Building on the established potential outcomes framework, we
introduce performance metrics, model selection criteria, model architectures,
and open benchmarks for estimating individual dose-response curves. Our
experiments show that the methods developed in this work set a new
state-of-the-art in estimating individual dose-response.

本文通过机器学习方法和神经网络构建一个新的潜在结果框架，通过表现指标、模型选择标准、模型架构和基准实验估算个体剂量反应曲线，确定在估算个体剂量反应方面的最新技术水平。