Empathy is often understood as the ability to share and understand another
individual's state of mind or emotion. With the increasing use of chatbots in
various domains, e.g., children seeking help with homework, individuals looking
for medical advice, and people using the chatbot as a daily source of everyday
companionship, the importance of empathy in human-computer interaction has
become more apparent. Therefore, our study investigates the extent to which
ChatGPT based on GPT-3.5 can exhibit empathetic responses and emotional
expressions. We analyzed the following three aspects: (1) understanding and
expressing emotions, (2) parallel emotional response, and (3) empathic
personality. Thus, we not only evaluate ChatGPT on various empathy aspects and
compare it with human behavior but also show a possible way to analyze the
empathy of chatbots in general. Our results show, that in 91.7% of the cases,
ChatGPT was able to correctly identify emotions and produces appropriate
answers. In conversations, ChatGPT reacted with a parallel emotion in 70.7% of
cases. The empathic capabilities of ChatGPT were evaluated using a set of five
questionnaires covering different aspects of empathy. Even though the results
indicate that the empathic abilities of ChatGPT are still below the average of
healthy humans, the scores are better than those of people who have been
diagnosed with Asperger syndrome / high-functioning autism.

我们研究了 ChatGPT 基于 GPT-3.5 如何展示共情响应和情感表达的程度，分析了理解和表达情感、平行情感回应和共情个性三个方面，结果显示在 91.7％的情况下，ChatGPT 能够正确识别情绪并产生适当的回答，并在 70.7％的对话中做出相应的情感反应，尽管 ChatGPT 的共情能力仍然低于健康人群的平均水平，但得分优于被诊断为阿斯伯格综合征 / 高功能自闭症的人群。