Transfer learning is a deep-learning technique that ameliorates the problem
of learning when human-annotated labels are expensive and limited. In place of
such labels, it uses instead the previously trained weights from a well-chosen
source model as the initial weights for the training of a base model for a new
target dataset. We demonstrate a novel but general technique for automatically
creating such source models. We generate pseudo-labels according to an
efficient and extensible algorithm that is based on a classical result from the
geometry of high dimensions, the Cayley-Menger determinant. This G2L
(``geometry to label'') method incrementally builds up pseudo-labels using a
greedy computation of hypervolume content. We demonstrate that the method is
tunable with respect to expected accuracy, which can be forecast by an
information-theoretic measure of dataset similarity (divergence) between source
and target. The results of 280 experiments show that this mechanical technique
generates base models that have similar or better transferability compared to a
baseline of models trained on extensively human-annotated ImageNet1K labels,
yielding an overall error decrease of 0.43\%, and an error decrease in 4 out of
5 divergent datasets tested.

采用几何学算法 Cayley-Menger 行列式的 C2L 方法生成伪标签，以在转移学习中自动创建源模型，与经过广泛人类注释的 ImageNet1K 标签相比，其基本模型具有相似或更好的可转移性，从而使最终错误率降低 0.43％，其中 5 个不同数据集中的 4 个错误率减少。