We investigate an end-to-end method for automatically inducing task-based
dialogue systems from small amounts of unannotated dialogue data. It combines
an incremental semantic grammar - Dynamic Syntax and Type Theory with Records
(DS-TTR) - with Reinforcement Learning (RL), where language generation and
dialogue management are a joint decision problem. The systems thus produced are
incremental: dialogues are processed word-by-word, shown previously to be
essential in supporting natural, spontaneous dialogue. We hypothesised that the
rich linguistic knowledge within the grammar should enable a combinatorially
large number of dialogue variations to be processed, even when trained on very
few dialogues. Our experiments show that our model can process 74% of the
Facebook AI bAbI dataset even when trained on only 0.13% of the data (5
dialogues). It can in addition process 65% of bAbI+, a corpus we created by
systematically adding incremental dialogue phenomena such as restarts and
self-corrections to bAbI. We compare our model with a state-of-the-art
retrieval model, MemN2N. We find that, in terms of semantic accuracy, MemN2N
shows very poor robustness to the bAbI+ transformations even when trained on
the full bAbI dataset.

本研究探讨使用小量未标记数据自动诱导任务型对话系统的端到端方法，利用动态句法和类型理论与记录相结合的增量语义语法和强化学习，其产生的系统是增量的，可以处理 74％的 Facebook AI bAbI 数据集，和 65％的 bAbI + 语料库，并比较了当前最先进的检索模型 MemN2N，揭示出其对 bAbI + 的转换的性能非常差。