Image landmark detection aims to automatically identify the locations of
predefined fiducial points. Despite recent success in this field,
higher-ordered structural modeling to capture implicit or explicit
relationships among anatomical landmarks has not been adequately exploited. In
this work, we present a new topology-adapting deep graph learning approach for
accurate anatomical facial and medical (e.g., hand, pelvis) landmark detection.
The proposed method constructs graph signals leveraging both local image
features and global shape features. The adaptive graph topology naturally
explores and lands on task-specific structures which are learned end-to-end
with two Graph Convolutional Networks (GCNs). Extensive experiments are
conducted on three public facial image datasets (WFLW, 300W, and COFW-68) as
well as three real-world X-ray medical datasets (Cephalometric (public), Hand
and Pelvis). Quantitative results comparing with the previous state-of-the-art
approaches across all studied datasets indicating the superior performance in
both robustness and accuracy. Qualitative visualizations of the learned graph
topologies demonstrate a physically plausible connectivity laying behind the
landmarks.

本文提出了一种新的深度图形学习方法来进行精准的解剖面和医学（如手、骨盆）标志物检测，该方法结合了局部图像特征和全局形状特征，基于两个图卷积网络（GCNs）学习任务特定的结构。该方法在公共人脸图像数据集和 X 射线医学数据集上的实验结果表明，在鲁棒性和准确性方面的表现都优于先前的最新方法。学习到的图形拓扑的质量可视化证明了标志物背后物理上合理的连接。