Machine learning algorithms for prediction are increasingly being used in
critical decisions affecting human lives. Various fairness formalizations, with
no firm consensus yet, are employed to prevent such algorithms from
systematically discriminating against people based on certain attributes
protected by law. The aim of this article is to survey how fairness is
formalized in the machine learning literature for the task of prediction and
present these formalizations with their corresponding notions of distributive
justice from the social sciences literature. We provide theoretical as well as
empirical critiques of these notions from the social sciences literature and
explain how these critiques limit the suitability of the corresponding fairness
formalizations to certain domains. We also suggest two notions of distributive
justice which address some of these critiques and discuss avenues for
prospective fairness formalizations.

探讨机器学习算法公平性如何在预测任务中被正式化，并提供相应的社会科学文献中分配公正的概念，通过理论和实证批判这些概念，并解释这些批判如何限制相应公平正式化的适用性和讨论潜在公平正式化的路径。