While humans can solve a visual puzzle that requires logical reasoning by
observing only few samples, it would require training over large amount of data
for state-of-the-art deep reasoning models to obtain similar performance on the
same task. In this work, we propose to solve such a few-shot (or low-shot)
visual reasoning problem, by resorting to analogical reasoning, which is a
unique human ability to identify structural or relational similarity between
two sets. Specifically, given training and test sets that contain the same type
of visual reasoning problems, we extract the structural relationships between
elements in both domains, and enforce them to be as similar as possible with
analogical learning. We repeatedly apply this process with slightly modified
queries of the same problem under the assumption that it does not affect the
relationship between a training and a test sample. This allows to learn the
relational similarity between the two samples in an effective manner even with
a single pair of samples. We validate our method on RAVEN dataset, on which it
outperforms state-of-the-art method, with larger gains when the training data
is scarce. We further meta-learn our analogical contrastive learning model over
the same tasks with diverse attributes, and show that it generalizes to the
same visual reasoning problem with unseen attributes.

本篇论文提出采用类比推理的方式解决少样本视觉推理问题，即通过提取训练和测试数据的结构关系，重复应用于类似问题的查询中，从而有效地学习训练集和测试集之间的关系相似性，实现对 RAVEN 数据集的超越性表现，并在不同属性下进行元学习，表现出了良好的泛化能力。