Traditional NER systems are typically trained to recognize coarse-grained
entities, and less attention is given to classifying entities into a hierarchy
of fine-grained lower-level subtypes. This article aims to advance Arabic NER
with fine-grained entities. We chose to extend Wojood (an open-source Nested
Arabic Named Entity Corpus) with subtypes. In particular, four main entity
types in Wojood, geopolitical entity (GPE), location (LOC), organization (ORG),
and facility (FAC), are extended with 31 subtypes. To do this, we first revised
Wojood's annotations of GPE, LOC, ORG, and FAC to be compatible with the LDC's
ACE guidelines, which yielded 5, 614 changes. Second, all mentions of GPE, LOC,
ORG, and FAC (~44K) in Wojood are manually annotated with the LDC's ACE
sub-types. We refer to this extended version of Wojood as WojoodF ine. To
evaluate our annotations, we measured the inter-annotator agreement (IAA) using
both Cohen's Kappa and F1 score, resulting in 0.9861 and 0.9889, respectively.
To compute the baselines of WojoodF ine, we fine-tune three pre-trained Arabic
BERT encoders in three settings: flat NER, nested NER and nested NER with
subtypes and achieved F1 score of 0.920, 0.866, and 0.885, respectively. Our
corpus and models are open-source and available at
this https URL

该研究论文旨在通过扩展 Wojood（一种开源的阿拉伯语嵌套命名实体语料库）的细分类型，提升阿拉伯语 NER 的准确性和细粒度，通过改变 Wojood 的注释，手动标注扩展 Wojood，并在三种设置下使用预训练的阿拉伯 BERT 编码器计算 WojoodFine 的基准，其 F1 分数分别为 0.920, 0.866, 和 0.885。

阿拉伯细粒度实体识别

Arabic Fine-Grained Entity Recognition

A basic task for most Legal Artificial Intelligence (Legal AI) applications
is Named Entity Recognition (NER). However, texts produced in the context of
legal practice make references to entities that are not trivially recognized by
the currently available NERs. There is a lack of categorization of legislation,
jurisprudence, evidence, penalties, the roles of people in a legal process
(judge, lawyer, victim, defendant, witness), types of locations (crime
location, defendant's address), etc. In this sense, there is still a need for a
robust golden collection, annotated with fine-grained entities of the legal
domain, and which covers various documents of a legal process, such as
petitions, inquiries, complaints, decisions and sentences. In this article, we
describe the development of the Golden Collection of the Brazilian Judiciary
(CDJUR-BR) contemplating a set of fine-grained named entities that have been
annotated by experts in legal documents. The creation of CDJUR-BR followed its
own methodology that aimed to attribute a character of comprehensiveness and
robustness. Together with the CDJUR-BR repository we provided a NER based on
the BERT model and trained with the CDJUR-BR, whose results indicated the
prevalence of the CDJUR-BR.

本文描述了巴西司法部的金标准收录（CDJUR-BR）的发展，其中包含了专家在法律文件中注释的一系列细粒度命名实体，并提供了一个基于 BERT 模型的 NER，其结果表明 CDJUR-BR 的优越性。