Machine learning ensembles combine multiple base models to produce a more
accurate output. They can be applied to a range of machine learning problems,
including anomaly detection. In this paper, we investigate how to maximize the
composability and scalability of an FPGA-based streaming ensemble anomaly
detector (fSEAD). To achieve this, we propose a flexible computing architecture
consisting of multiple partially reconfigurable regions, pblocks, which each
implement anomaly detectors. Our proof-of-concept design supports three
state-of-the-art anomaly detection algorithms: Loda, RS-Hash and xStream. Each
algorithm is scalable, meaning multiple instances can be placed within a pblock
to improve performance. Moreover, fSEAD is implemented using High-level
synthesis (HLS), meaning further custom anomaly detectors can be supported.
Pblocks are interconnected via an AXI-switch, enabling them to be composed in
an arbitrary fashion before combining and merging results at run-time to create
an ensemble that maximizes the use of FPGA resources and accuracy. Through
utilizing reconfigurable Dynamic Function eXchange (DFX), the detector can be
modified at run-time to adapt to changing environmental conditions. We compare
fSEAD to an equivalent central processing unit (CPU) implementation using four
standard datasets, with speed-ups ranging from $3\times$ to $8\times$.

提出了一种机器学习集合体的异常检测器，它基于 FPGA，采用多重可重构区域的柔性计算架构，并支持多种异常检测算法，通过最大程度利用 FPGA 资源以及通过运行时的组合和合并结果来优化精度。