Geospatial knowledge graphs have emerged as a novel paradigm for representing
and reasoning over geospatial information. In this framework, entities such as
places, people, events, and observations are depicted as nodes, while their
relationships are represented as edges. This graph-based data format lays the
foundation for creating a "FAIR" (Findable, Accessible, Interoperable, and
Reusable) environment, facilitating the management and analysis of geographic
information. This entry first introduces key concepts in knowledge graphs along
with their associated standardization and tools. It then delves into the
application of knowledge graphs in geography and environmental sciences,
emphasizing their role in bridging symbolic and subsymbolic GeoAI to address
cross-disciplinary geospatial challenges. At the end, new research directions
related to geospatial knowledge graphs are outlined.

地理知识图谱是一种新的范式，用于表示和推理地理空间信息，其基于图形数据格式为建立可管理和分析地理信息的 FAIR 环境提供了基础，并在地理和环境科学中扮演着桥接符号和子符号 GeoAI 以应对跨学科地理空间挑战的角色，同时也提出了与地理知识图谱相关的新的研究方向。