English allows for both compounds (e.g., London-made) and phrasal paraphrases
(e.g., made in London). While these constructions have roughly the same
truth-conditional meaning, we hypothesize that the compound allows less freedom
to express the nature of the semantic relationship between the participle and
the pre-participle nominal. We thus predict that the pre-participle slot is
more constrained than the equivalent position in the phrasal construction. We
test this prediction in a large corpus by measuring the entropy of
corresponding nominal slots, conditional on the participle used. That is, we
compare the entropy of $\alpha$ in compound construction slots like
$\alpha$-[V]ed to the entropy of $\alpha$ in phrasal constructions like [V]ed
by $\alpha$ for a given verb V. As predicted, there is significantly lower
entropy in the compound construction than in the phrasal construction. We
consider how these predictions follow from more general grammatical properties
and processing factors.

通过测量语义关系的强度，对比复合结构和短语结构中的离散度，我们发现复合结构在表达分词和前分词名词之间的语义关系时比短语结构更为约束，这与我们的预测相符。此外，我们探讨了这些预测如何与语法特性和处理因素相联系。