Nonlinear independent component analysis (ICA) aims to recover the underlying
independent latent sources from their observable nonlinear mixtures. How to
make the nonlinear ICA model identifiable up to certain trivial indeterminacies
is a long-standing problem in unsupervised learning. Recent breakthroughs
reformulate the standard independence assumption of sources as conditional
independence given some auxiliary variables (e.g., class labels and/or
domain/time indexes) as weak supervision or inductive bias. However, nonlinear
ICA with unconditional priors cannot benefit from such developments. We explore
an alternative path and consider only assumptions on the mixing process, such
as Structural Sparsity. We show that under specific instantiations of such
constraints, the independent latent sources can be identified from their
nonlinear mixtures up to a permutation and a component-wise transformation,
thus achieving nontrivial identifiability of nonlinear ICA without auxiliary
variables. We provide estimation methods and validate the theoretical results
experimentally. The results on image data suggest that our conditions may hold
in a number of practical data generating processes.

通过在混合过程中添加约束条件（如结构稀疏性），我们在不需要辅助变量的情况下，实现了非线性 ICA 的非平凡可识别性。