Recent advances in the capacity of large language models to generate
human-like text have resulted in their increased adoption in user-facing
settings. In parallel, these improvements have prompted a heated discourse
around the risks of societal harms they introduce, whether inadvertent or
malicious. Several studies have explored these harms and called for their
mitigation via development of safer, fairer models. Going beyond enumerating
the risks of harms, this work provides a survey of practical methods for
addressing potential threats and societal harms from language generation
models. We draw on several prior works' taxonomies of language model risks to
present a structured overview of strategies for detecting and ameliorating
different kinds of risks/harms of language generators. Bridging diverse strands
of research, this survey aims to serve as a practical guide for both LM
researchers and practitioners, with explanations of different mitigation
strategies' motivations, their limitations, and open problems for future
research.

本文对语言生成模型潜在威胁与社会危害进行了调查研究，提供了探查与缓解风险和伤害的实用方法，旨在为大型语言模型研究人员和从业者提供实用指南。