The advent of artificial intelligence (AI) has significantly impacted the
traditional judicial industry. Moreover, recently, with the development of
AI-generated content (AIGC), AI and law have found applications in various
domains, including image recognition, automatic text generation, and
interactive chat. With the rapid emergence and growing popularity of large
models, it is evident that AI will drive transformation in the traditional
judicial industry. However, the application of legal large language models
(LLMs) is still in its nascent stage. Several challenges need to be addressed.
In this paper, we aim to provide a comprehensive survey of legal LLMs. We not
only conduct an extensive survey of LLMs, but also expose their applications in
the judicial system. We first provide an overview of AI technologies in the
legal field and showcase the recent research in LLMs. Then, we discuss the
practical implementation presented by legal LLMs, such as providing legal
advice to users and assisting judges during trials. In addition, we explore the
limitations of legal LLMs, including data, algorithms, and judicial practice.
Finally, we summarize practical recommendations and propose future development
directions to address these challenges.

人工智能对传统司法行业产生了重大影响。最近，随着 AI 生成内容的发展，人工智能和法律在图像识别、自动文本生成和交互式聊天等领域得到应用。然而，法律领域的大型语言模型的应用仍处于初级阶段。本文对法律领域的大型语言模型进行了全面调查，揭示了它们在司法系统中的应用。同时，我们还讨论了法律领域大型语言模型的实际实施，如为用户提供法律咨询和协助法官审理案件。此外，我们探讨了法律领域大型语言模型的局限性，包括数据、算法和司法实践。最后，我们总结了实际建议并提出了未来发展方向以解决这些挑战。