Laplace approximation (LA) and its linearized variant (LLA) enable effortless
adaptation of pretrained deep neural networks to Bayesian neural networks. The
generalized Gauss-Newton (GGN) approximation is typically introduced to improve
their tractability. However, LA and LLA are still confronted with non-trivial
inefficiency issues and should rely on Kronecker-factored, diagonal, or even
last-layer approximate GGN matrices in practical use. These approximations are
likely to harm the fidelity of learning outcomes. To tackle this issue,
inspired by the connections between LLA and neural tangent kernels (NTKs), we
develop a Nystrom approximation to NTKs to accelerate LLA. Our method benefits
from the capability of popular deep learning libraries for forward mode
automatic differentiation, and enjoys reassuring theoretical guarantees.
Extensive studies reflect the merits of the proposed method in aspects of both
scalability and performance. Our method can even scale up to architectures like
vision transformers. We also offer valuable ablation studies to diagnose our
method. Code is available at https://github.com/thudzj/ELLA.

通过开发一种 Nystrom 近似方法来加速线性化变种 (Laplace Approximation) 和神经切向核 (NTKs) 之间的联系，以解决 Bayesian 神经网络中的非常规低效率问题。该方法通过自动区分前向模式来实现，具有可靠的理论保证，并在规模性和性能方面表现出许多优点。