In recent years, machine learning, and in particular generative adversarial
neural networks (GANs) and attention-based neural networks (transformers), have
been successfully used to compose and generate music, both melodies and
polyphonic pieces. Current research focuses foremost on style replication (eg.
generating a Bach-style chorale) or style transfer (eg. classical to jazz)
based on large amounts of recorded or transcribed music, which in turn also
allows for fairly straight-forward "performance" evaluation. However, most of
these models are not suitable for human-machine co-creation through live
interaction, neither is clear, how such models and resulting creations would be
evaluated. This article presents a thorough review of music representation,
feature analysis, heuristic algorithms, statistical and parametric modelling,
and human and automatic evaluation measures, along with a discussion of which
approaches and models seem most suitable for live interaction.

近年来，机器学习，特别是生成对抗神经网络（GANs）和基于注意力的神经网络（transformers），已成功用于作曲和生成音乐，包括旋律和多声部作品。然而，现有研究主要集中在风格复制和转换的问题上，并未涉及到人机共同创作和评估。本文综述了音乐表征、特征分析、启发式算法、统计和参数建模，人类和自动化评估措施，并讨论了哪种方法和模型最适合于实时互动。