Today's AI systems for medical decision support often succeed on benchmark
datasets in research papers but fail in real-world deployment. This work
focuses on the decision making of sepsis, an acute life-threatening systematic
infection that requires an early diagnosis with high uncertainty from the
clinician. Our aim is to explore the design requirements for AI systems that
can support clinical experts in making better decisions for the early diagnosis
of sepsis. The study begins with a formative study investigating why clinical
experts abandon an existing AI-powered Sepsis predictive module in their
electrical health record (EHR) system. We argue that a human-centered AI system
needs to support human experts in the intermediate stages of a medical
decision-making process (e.g., generating hypotheses or gathering data),
instead of focusing only on the final decision. Therefore, we build SepsisLab
based on a state-of-the-art AI algorithm and extend it to predict the future
projection of sepsis development, visualize the prediction uncertainty, and
propose actionable suggestions (i.e., which additional laboratory tests can be
collected) to reduce such uncertainty. Through heuristic evaluation with six
clinicians using our prototype system, we demonstrate that SepsisLab enables a
promising human-AI collaboration paradigm for the future of AI-assisted sepsis
diagnosis and other high-stakes medical decision making.

该研究旨在探讨 AI 系统的设计要求，以支持临床专家在早期诊断败血症方面做出更好的决策。通过对现有 AI 预测模块的基于医疗记录的电子健康档案系统的临床专家的形态学研究，该研究构建了 SepsisLab，通过 AI 算法预测败血症发展并可视化预测的不确定性，并提供减少不确定性的可行建议，从而展示了 SepsisLab 在人机协作方面的潜力，对未来的 AI 辅助败血症诊断和其他高风险医学决策具有重要意义。