Over the past decade, the NASA Autonomous Systems and Operations (ASO)
project has developed and demonstrated numerous autonomy enabling technologies
employing AI techniques. Our work has employed AI in three distinct ways to
enable autonomous mission operations capabilities. Crew Autonomy gives
astronauts tools to assist in the performance of each of these mission
operations functions. Vehicle System Management uses AI techniques to turn the
astronaut's spacecraft into a robot, allowing it to operate when astronauts are
not present, or to reduce astronaut workload. AI technology also enables
Autonomous Robots as crew assistants or proxies when the crew are not present.
We first describe human spaceflight mission operations capabilities. We then
describe the ASO project, and the development and demonstration performed by
ASO since 2011. We will describe the AI techniques behind each of these
demonstrations, which include a variety of symbolic automated reasoning and
machine learning based approaches. Finally, we conclude with an assessment of
future development needs for AI to enable NASA's future Exploration missions.

该研究报告介绍了 NASA 在过去十年中使用 AI 技术开发和演示自主系统和运营项目，重点讨论了三种不同的方式，使得机载操作具备了自主性能力，并对未来的开发进行了评估。

人工智能：推动人类探索月球和火星

Artificial Intelligence: Powering Human Exploration of the Moon and Mars

BRITE (BRIght Target Explorer) Constellation, the first nanosatellite mission
applied to astrophysical research, is a collaboration among Austria, Canada and
Poland. The fleet of satellites (6 launched, 5 functioning) performs precise
optical photometry of the brightest stars in the night sky. A pioneering
mission like BRITE - with optics and instruments restricted to small volume,
mass and power in several nanosatellites, whose measurements must be
coordinated in orbit - poses many unique challenges. We discuss the technical
issues, including problems encountered during on-orbit commissioning
(especially higher-than expected sensitivity of the CCDs to particle
radiation). We describe in detail how the BRITE team has mitigated these
problems, and provide a complete overview of mission operations. This paper
serves as a template for how to effectively plan, build and operate future
low-cost niche-driven space astronomy missions.

BRITE 探空器联盟是由奥地利、加拿大和波兰合作的第一批用于天体物理研究的纳卫星任务，其技术问题和任务操作过程都在本文中得到详细描述，并提供了一种有效规划、构建和操作未来低成本尖端空间天文任务的模板。