The topic of achieving rotational invariance in convolutional neural networks
(CNNs) has gained considerable attention recently, as this invariance is
crucial for many computer vision tasks such as image classification and
matching. In this letter, we propose a Sorting Convolution (SC) inspired by
some hand-crafted features of texture images, which achieves continuous
rotational invariance without requiring additional learnable parameters or data
augmentation. Further, SC can directly replace the conventional convolution
operations in a classic CNN model to achieve its rotational invariance. Based
on MNIST-rot dataset, we first analyze the impact of convolutional kernel
sizes, different sampling and sorting strategies on SC's rotational invariance,
and compare our method with previous rotation-invariant CNN models. Then, we
combine SC with VGG, ResNet and DenseNet, and conduct classification
experiments on popular texture and remote sensing image datasets. Our results
demonstrate that SC achieves the best performance in the aforementioned tasks.

本文提出了一种 Sorting Convolution 方法，通过分析 MNIST-rot 数据集、结合 VGG、ResNet 和 DenseNet 等模型，实现对卫星遥感图像和纹理图像等分类任务的连续旋转不变性，并且在该任务中取得了最优表现。