In transportation networks, where traffic lights have traditionally been used
for vehicle coordination, intersections act as natural bottlenecks. A
formidable challenge for existing automated intersections lies in detecting and
reasoning about uncertainty from the operating environment and human-driven
vehicles. In this paper, we propose a risk-aware intelligent intersection
system for autonomous vehicles (AVs) as well as human-driven vehicles (HVs). We
cast the problem as a novel class of Multi-agent Chance-Constrained Stochastic
Shortest Path (MCC-SSP) problems and devise an exact Integer Linear Programming
(ILP) formulation that is scalable in the number of agents' interaction points
(e.g., potential collision points at the intersection). In particular, when the
number of agents within an interaction point is small, which is often the case
in intersections, the ILP has a polynomial number of variables and constraints.
To further improve the running time performance, we show that the collision
risk computation can be performed offline. Additionally, a trajectory
optimization workflow is provided to generate risk-aware trajectories for any
given intersection. The proposed framework is implemented in CARLA simulator
and evaluated under a fully autonomous intersection with AVs only as well as in
a hybrid setup with a signalized intersection for HVs and an intelligent scheme
for AVs. As verified via simulations, the featured approach improves
intersection's efficiency by up to $200\%$ while also conforming to the
specified tunable risk threshold.

本篇研究提出一种基于风险意识的智能路口系统，利用基于多智能体概率有约束随机最短路径问题和整数线性规划的方法解决了路口自动驾驶和人类驾驶的协调问题，并通过 CARLA 模拟器验证之后得出该方案可以提高决策效率高达 200％，同时可以适应可调整的风险阈值。