Pixel-wise segmentation is one of the most data and annotation hungry tasks
in our field. Providing representative and accurate annotations is often
mission-critical especially for challenging medical applications. In this
paper, we propose a semi-weakly supervised segmentation algorithm to overcome
this barrier. Our approach is based on a new formulation of deep supervision
and student-teacher model and allows for easy integration of different
supervision signals. In contrast to previous work, we show that care has to be
taken how deep supervision is integrated in lower layers and we present
multi-label deep supervision as the most important secret ingredient for
success. With our novel training regime for segmentation that flexibly makes
use of images that are either fully labeled, marked with bounding boxes, just
global labels, or not at all, we are able to cut the requirement for expensive
labels by 94.22% - narrowing the gap to the best fully supervised baseline to
only 5% mean IoU. Our approach is validated by extensive experiments on retinal
fluid segmentation and we provide an in-depth analysis of the anticipated
effect each annotation type can have in boosting segmentation performance.

本文提出了一种半弱监督分割算法，基于新的深度监督学习方法和学生 - 教师模型，结合各种监督信号以实现易于集成，有效地减少了昂贵标注的要求。经过实验验证，该算法在视网膜液体分割上取得了成功。