In recent years, the fine-tuned generative models have been proven more
powerful than the previous tagging-based or span-based models on named entity
recognition (NER) task. It has also been found that the information related to
entities, such as entity types, can prompt a model to achieve NER better.
However, it is not easy to determine the entity types indeed existing in the
given sentence in advance, and inputting too many potential entity types would
distract the model inevitably. To exploit entity types' merit on promoting NER
task, in this paper we propose a novel NER framework, namely ToNER based on a
generative model. In ToNER, a type matching model is proposed at first to
identify the entity types most likely to appear in the sentence. Then, we
append a multiple binary classification task to fine-tune the generative
model's encoder, so as to generate the refined representation of the input
sentence. Moreover, we add an auxiliary task for the model to discover the
entity types which further fine-tunes the model to output more accurate
results. Our extensive experiments on some NER benchmarks verify the
effectiveness of our proposed strategies in ToNER that are oriented towards
entity types' exploitation.

通过提出一种新颖的 NER 框架，名为 ToNER，基于生成模型，利用实体类型的优势促进 NER 任务，并通过在生成模型的编码器上追加多个二分类任务、增加辅助任务和进行广泛实验验证，证明了我们所提出的面向实体类型的 ToNER 策略的有效性。

ToNER：基于类型的命名实体识别与生成型语言模型

ToNER: Type-oriented Named Entity Recognition with Generative Language  Model

We introduce Universal NER (UNER), an open, community-driven project to
develop gold-standard NER benchmarks in many languages. The overarching goal of
UNER is to provide high-quality, cross-lingually consistent annotations to
facilitate and standardize multilingual NER research. UNER v1 contains 18
datasets annotated with named entities in a cross-lingual consistent schema
across 12 diverse languages. In this paper, we detail the dataset creation and
composition of UNER; we also provide initial modeling baselines on both
in-language and cross-lingual learning settings. We release the data, code, and
fitted models to the public.

介绍了一个名为 Universal NER (UNER) 的开源项目，旨在开发多种语言的黄金标准 NER 基准；UNER 的目标是提供高质量的、跨语言一致的标注，以促进和标准化多语言 NER 研究。UNER v1 包含使用一致的跨语言模式在 12 种不同语言中注释的 18 个数据集。在本文中，我们详细介绍了 UNER 的数据集创建和组成，并提供了在本语言和跨语言学习设置下的初始建模基线。我们向公众发布了数据、代码和拟合模型。

通用 NER：金标准多语言命名实体识别基准

Universal NER: A Gold-Standard Multilingual Named Entity Recognition  Benchmark

Cross-domain named entity recognition (NER) models are able to cope with the
scarcity issue of NER samples in target domains. However, most of the existing
NER benchmarks lack domain-specialized entity types or do not focus on a
certain domain, leading to a less effective cross-domain evaluation. To address
these obstacles, we introduce a cross-domain NER dataset (CrossNER), a
fully-labeled collection of NER data spanning over five diverse domains with
specialized entity categories for different domains. Additionally, we also
provide a domain-related corpus since using it to continue pre-training
language models (domain-adaptive pre-training) is effective for the domain
adaptation. We then conduct comprehensive experiments to explore the
effectiveness of leveraging different levels of the domain corpus and
pre-training strategies to do domain-adaptive pre-training for the cross-domain
task. Results show that focusing on the fractional corpus containing
domain-specialized entities and utilizing a more challenging pre-training
strategy in domain-adaptive pre-training are beneficial for the NER domain
adaptation, and our proposed method can consistently outperform existing
cross-domain NER baselines. Nevertheless, experiments also illustrate the
challenge of this cross-domain NER task. We hope that our dataset and baselines
will catalyze research in the NER domain adaptation area. The code and data are
available at this https URL

为了解决交叉域命名实体识别 (NER) 任务中样本少的问题，作者提出了一个跨领域 NER 数据集 CrossNER, 进行了一系列实验来探索利用不同级别的领域语料库和预训练策略进行域自适应预训练的有效性，研究表明利用包含领域特定实体的分数语料库并采用更具挑战性的预训练策略对于 NER 的域自适应有益，提出的方法在跨领域 NER 基线上效果更好。