Most explanation methods in deep learning map importance estimates for a
model's prediction back to the original input space. These "visual"
explanations are often insufficient, as the model's actual concept remains
elusive. Moreover, without insights into the model's semantic concept, it is
difficult -- if not impossible -- to intervene on the model's behavior via its
explanations, called Explanatory Interactive Learning. Consequently, we propose
to intervene on a Neuro-Symbolic scene representation, which allows one to
revise the model on the semantic level, e.g. "never focus on the color to make
your decision". We compiled a novel confounded visual scene data set, the
CLEVR-Hans data set, capturing complex compositions of different objects. The
results of our experiments on CLEVR-Hans demonstrate that our semantic
explanations, i.e. compositional explanations at a per-object level, can
identify confounders that are not identifiable using "visual" explanations
only. More importantly, feedback on this semantic level makes it possible to
revise the model from focusing on these factors.

该研究提出了一种基于神经符号场景表征的解释交互学习方法，它能够在语义层面上对模型进行干预，通过对物体的组合性解释来获得更好的效果。