Ensuring traffic safety is crucial, which necessitates the detection and
prevention of road surface defects. As a result, there has been a growing
interest in the literature on the subject, leading to the development of
various road surface defect detection methods. The methods for detecting road
defects can be categorised in various ways depending on the input data types or
training methodologies. The predominant approach involves image-based methods,
which analyse pixel intensities and surface textures to identify defects.
Despite their popularity, image-based methods share the distinct limitation of
vulnerability to weather and lighting changes. To address this issue,
researchers have explored the use of additional sensors, such as laser scanners
or LiDARs, providing explicit depth information to enable the detection of
defects in terms of scale and volume. However, the exploration of data beyond
images has not been sufficiently investigated. In this survey paper, we provide
a comprehensive review of road surface defect detection studies, categorising
them based on input data types and methodologies used. Additionally, we review
recently proposed non-image-based methods and discuss several challenges and
open problems associated with these techniques.

确保交通安全至关重要，需要检测和防止道路表面缺陷，以此为主题，研究了道路表面缺陷检测的各种方法。主要方法是基于图像的方法，分析像素强度和表面纹理来识别缺陷；然而，这些方法对于天气和光照变化敏感，为解决这个问题，研究者探索了使用激光扫描仪或激光雷达等附加传感器的方法，提供明确的深度信息，以实现对缺陷的尺度和体积的检测，并探索了超出图像的数据的创新。在这篇综述中，我们对基于输入数据类型和方法学分类的道路表面缺陷检测研究进行了全面回顾，并对最近提出的非图像方法进行了评述，讨论了相关的挑战和待解决的问题。