We consider autonomous racing of two cars and present an approach to
formulate racing decisions as a non-cooperative non-zero-sum game. We design
three different games where the players aim to fulfill static track constraints
as well as avoid collision with each other; the latter constraint depends on
the combined actions of the two players. The difference between the games are
the collision constraints and the payoff. In the first game collision avoidance
is only considered by the follower, and each player maximizes their own
progress towards the finish line. We show that, thanks to the sequential
structure of this game, equilibria can be computed through an efficient
sequential maximization approach. Further, we show these actions, if feasible,
are also a Stackelberg and Nash equilibrium in pure strategies of our second
game where both players consider the collision constraints. The payoff of our
third game is designed to promote blocking, by additionally rewarding the cars
for staying ahead at the end of the horizon. We show that this changes the
Stackelberg equilibrium, but has a minor influence on the Nash equilibria. For
online implementation, we propose to play the games in a moving horizon
fashion, and discuss two methods for guaranteeing feasibility of the resulting
coupled repeated games. Finally, we study the performance of the proposed
approaches in simulation for a set-up that replicates the miniature race car
tested at the Automatic Control Laboratory of ETH Zurich. The simulation study
shows that the presented games can successfully model different racing
behaviors and generate interesting racing situations.

本篇研究提出一种基于非合作非零和博弈的方法，将赛车决策的制定作为一种博弈模型，其中包括考虑碰撞规避和考虑非静态赛道约束等方面。这三个游戏分别考虑了不同的碰撞约束和回报机制，并证明了所提出的策略在模拟实现中可以成功地生成多种有趣的赛车行为形式。