Standard models for syntactic dependency parsing take words to be the
elementary units that enter into dependency relations. In this paper, we
investigate whether there are any benefits from enriching these models with the
more abstract notion of nucleus proposed by Tesni\`{e}re. We do this by showing
how the concept of nucleus can be defined in the framework of Universal
Dependencies and how we can use composition functions to make a
transition-based dependency parser aware of this concept. Experiments on 12
languages show that nucleus composition gives small but significant
improvements in parsing accuracy. Further analysis reveals that the improvement
mainly concerns a small number of dependency relations, including nominal
modifiers, relations of coordination, main predicates, and direct objects.

本研究旨在使用核心概念对语法依存分析进行改进，并探讨将核心概念结合到框架中的方法。通过实验，研究得出使用核心概念可以在依存分析准确性方面带来小但显著的改进，主要针对少数依赖关系，包括名词修饰语、协调关系、主谓关系和直接宾语等。

依赖句法分析中的句法核心 -- 多语言探索

Syntactic Nuclei in Dependency Parsing -- A Multilingual Exploration

The precise measurement of neutrino properties is among the highest
priorities in fundamental particle physics, involving many experiments
worldwide. Since the experiments rely on the interactions of neutrinos with
bound nucleons inside atomic nuclei, the planned advances in the scope and
precision of these experiments requires a commensurate effort in the
understanding and modeling of the hadronic and nuclear physics of these
interactions, which is incorporated as a nuclear model in neutrino event
generators. This model is essential to every phase of experimental analyses and
its theoretical uncertainties play an important role in interpreting every
result.
In this White Paper we discuss in detail the impact of neutrino-nucleus
interactions, especially the nuclear effects, on the measurement of neutrino
properties using the determination of oscillation parameters as a central
example. After an Executive Summary and a concise Overview of the issues, we
explain how the neutrino event generators work, what can be learned from
electron-nucleus interactions and how each underlying physics process - from
quasi-elastic to deep inelastic scattering - is understood today. We then
emphasize how our understanding must improve to meet the demands of future
experiments. With every topic we find that the challenges can be met only with
the active support and collaboration among specialists in strong interactions
and electroweak physics that include theorists and experimentalists from both
the nuclear and high energy physics communities.

本综述详细讨论了中微子与核相互作用，特别是核效应，对通过确定振荡参数来测量中微子性质的影响，并指出了各种潜在的物理过程及需要改进的方面。