Transposed convolution is crucial for generating high-resolution outputs, yet
has received little attention compared to convolution layers. In this work we
revisit transposed convolution and introduce a novel layer that allows us to
place information in the image selectively and choose the `stroke breadth' at
which the image is synthesized, whilst incurring a small additional parameter
cost. For this we introduce three ideas: firstly, we regress offsets to the
positions where the transpose convolution results are placed; secondly we
broadcast the offset weight locations over a learnable neighborhood; and
thirdly we use a compact parametrization to share weights and restrict offsets.
We show that simply substituting upsampling operators with our novel layer
produces substantial improvements across tasks as diverse as instance
segmentation, object detection, semantic segmentation, generative image
modeling, and 3D magnetic resonance image enhancement, while outperforming all
existing variants of transposed convolutions. Our novel layer can be used as a
drop-in replacement for 2D and 3D upsampling operators and the code will be
publicly available.

本文介绍了一种新的层用于选择性地在图像中放置信息，并选择图像合成的笔划宽度。方法利用了三个想法：首先，回归推断出转置卷积结果的位置偏移量；其次，将偏移位置权重广播到可学习的邻域；第三，利用紧凑参数化共享权重和限制偏移量。最终结果表明，该方法可应用于诸如实例分割、目标检测、语义分割、生成图像建模和 3D 磁共振图像增强等多种任务，并优于现有的转置卷积变体。