This work presents the PORTALS framework, which leverages surrogate modeling
and optimization techniques to enable the prediction of core plasma profiles
and performance with nonlinear gyrokinetic simulations at significantly reduced
cost, with no loss of accuracy. The efficiency of PORTALS is benchmarked
against standard methods, and its full potential is demonstrated on a unique,
simultaneous 5-channel (electron temperature, ion temperature, electron
density, impurity density and angular rotation) prediction of steady-state
profiles in a DIII-D ITER Similar Shape plasma with GPU-accelerated, nonlinear
CGYRO. This paper also provides general guidelines for accurate performance
predictions in burning plasmas and the impact of transport modeling in fusion
pilot plants studies.

本研究提出了 PORTALS 框架，利用代理建模和优化技术，在非线性陀螺动力学模拟中以显著降低的成本预测等离子体核心轮廓和性能，没有精度损失。通过与标准方法的基准测试，证明了 PORTALS 的高效性，并在使用 GPU 加速的非线性 CGYRO 中展示了在 DIII-D ITER 类似形态等离子体中对恒定态轮廓进行独特的五通道（电子温度、离子温度、电子密度、杂质密度和角度旋转）预测的全部潜力。本论文还提供了在聚变示范堆研究中准确性能预测的一般指导原则以及输运模型的影响。