We provide an overall description of the Ciao multiparadigm programming
system emphasizing some of the novel aspects and motivations behind its design
and implementation. An important aspect of Ciao is that, in addition to
supporting logic programming (and, in particular, Prolog), it provides the
programmer with a large number of useful features from different programming
paradigms and styles, and that the use of each of these features (including
those of Prolog) can be turned on and off at will for each program module.
Thus, a given module may be using, e.g., higher order functions and
constraints, while another module may be using assignment, predicates, Prolog
meta-programming, and concurrency. Furthermore, the language is designed to be
extensible in a simple and modular way. Another important aspect of Ciao is its
programming environment, which provides a powerful preprocessor (with an
associated assertion language) capable of statically finding non-trivial bugs,
verifying that programs comply with specifications, and performing many types
of optimizations (including automatic parallelization). Such optimizations
produce code that is highly competitive with other dynamic languages or, with
the (experimental) optimizing compiler, even that of static languages, all
while retaining the flexibility and interactive development of a dynamic
language. This compilation architecture supports modularity and separate
compilation throughout. The environment also includes a powerful
auto-documenter and a unit testing framework, both closely integrated with the
assertion system. The paper provides an informal overview of the language and
program development environment. It aims at illustrating the design philosophy
rather than at being exhaustive, which would be impossible in a single journal
paper, pointing instead to previous Ciao literature.

Ciao 是一种多范式编程系统，支持逻辑编程，提供了许多来自不同编程范式和风格的有用特性，同时支持模块化和分离编译等编程环境，并提供了强大的预处理器和单元测试框架等工具，旨在在保留动态语言的灵活性和交互式开发的同时，提供静态语言的竞争力。