We study semantic construal in grammatical constructions using large language
models. First, we project contextual word embeddings into three interpretable
semantic spaces, each defined by a different set of psycholinguistic feature
norms. We validate these interpretable spaces and then use them to
automatically derive semantic characterizations of lexical items in two
grammatical constructions: nouns in subject or object position within the same
sentence, and the AANN construction (e.g., `a beautiful three days'). We show
that a word in subject position is interpreted as more agentive than the very
same word in object position, and that the nouns in the AANN construction are
interpreted as more measurement-like than when in the canonical alternation.
Our method can probe the distributional meaning of syntactic constructions at a
templatic level, abstracted away from specific lexemes.

本文使用大型语言模型研究语法结构中的语义构成，通过将上下文词向量投影到三个不同的解释型语义空间中，自动得出语法结构中词汇项的语义性质，并发现主语中的单词被解释为比同一单词在宾语位置更具有代理性， AANN 结构中的名词被解释为更具测量性。此方法探究了语法结构的分布式意义，抽象出了特定词汇。