Modular, distributed and multi-core architectures are currently considered a
promising approach for scalability of quantum computing systems. The
integration of multiple Quantum Processing Units necessitates classical and
quantum-coherent communication, introducing challenges related to noise and
quantum decoherence in quantum state transfers between cores. Optimizing
communication becomes imperative, and the compilation and mapping of quantum
circuits onto physical qubits must minimize state transfers while adhering to
architectural constraints. The compilation process, inherently an NP-hard
problem, demands extensive search times even with a small number of qubits to
be solved to optimality. To address this challenge efficiently, we advocate for
the utilization of heuristic mappers that can rapidly generate solutions. In
this work, we propose a novel approach employing Deep Reinforcement Learning
(DRL) methods to learn these heuristics for a specific multi-core architecture.
Our DRL agent incorporates a Transformer encoder and Graph Neural Networks. It
encodes quantum circuits using self-attention mechanisms and produce outputs
through an attention-based pointer mechanism that directly signifies the
probability of matching logical qubits with physical cores. This enables the
selection of optimal cores for logical qubits efficiently. Experimental
evaluations show that the proposed method can outperform baseline approaches in
terms of reducing inter-core communications and minimizing online
time-to-solution. This research contributes to the advancement of scalable
quantum computing systems by introducing a novel learning-based heuristic
approach for efficient quantum circuit compilation and mapping.

利用深度强化学习的方法，以及模块化分布式体系结构，提出了一种高效的量子电路编译和映射的新型学习启发式方法，以解决量子计算系统中的通信最优化问题。

模块量子架构中基于注意力机制的深度强化学习用于量子比特分配

Attention-Based Deep Reinforcement Learning for Qubit Allocation in  Modular Quantum Architectures

Quantum Teleportation is the key communication functionality of the Quantum
Internet, allowing the "transmission' of qubits without either the physical
transfer of the particle storing the qubit or the violation of the quantum
mechanical principles. Quantum teleportation is facilitated by the action of
quantum entanglement, a somewhat counter-intuitive physical phenomenon with no
direct counterpart in the classical word. As a consequence, the very concept of
the classical communication system model has to be redesigned to account for
the peculiarities of quantum teleportation. This re-design is a crucial
prerequisite for constructing any effective quantum communication protocol. The
aim of this manuscript is to shed light on this key concept, with the objective
of allowing the reader: i) to appreciate the fundamental differences between
the transmission of classical information versus the teleportation of quantum
information; ii) to understand the communications functionalities underlying
quantum teleportation, and to grasp the challenges in the design and practical
employment of these functionalities; iii) to acknowledge that quantum
information is subject to the deleterious effects of a noise process termed as
quantum decoherence. This impairment has no direct counterpart in the classical
world; iv) to recognize how to contribute to the design and employment of the
Quantum Internet.

量子隐形传态和量子通信是基于量子纠缠和去噪等特殊机制实现的，为建立高效，安全的量子互联网提供了重要思路。