Controllable, coherent many-body systems can provide insights into the
fundamental properties of quantum matter, enable the realization of new quantum
phases and could ultimately lead to computational systems that outperform
existing computers based on classical approaches. Here we demonstrate a method
for creating controlled many-body quantum matter that combines
deterministically prepared, reconfigurable arrays of individually trapped cold
atoms with strong, coherent interactions enabled by excitation to Rydberg
states. We realize a programmable Ising-type quantum spin model with tunable
interactions and system sizes of up to 51 qubits. Within this model, we observe
phase transitions into spatially ordered states that break various discrete
symmetries, verify the high-fidelity preparation of these states and
investigate the dynamics across the phase transition in large arrays of atoms.
In particular, we observe robust manybody dynamics corresponding to persistent
oscillations of the order after a rapid quantum quench that results from a
sudden transition across the phase boundary. Our method provides a way of
exploring many-body phenomena on a programmable quantum simulator and could
enable realizations of new quantum algorithms.

本研究介绍了一种方法，该方法利用由冷原子构成的可重构阵列与激发到 Rydberg 态的强相互作用相结合，创造了可控的多体量子物质，实现了可编程的 Ising 型量子自旋模型，提供了一种探索多体现象的程序可编程量子模拟器，并有望实现新的量子算法。