Quantum and quantum-inspired optimisation algorithms are designed to solve
problems represented in binary, quadratic and unconstrained form. Combinatorial
optimisation problems are therefore often formulated as Quadratic Unconstrained
Binary Optimisation Problems (QUBO) to solve them with these algorithms.
Moreover, these QUBO solvers are often implemented using specialised hardware
to achieve enormous speedups, e.g. Fujitsu's Digital Annealer (DA) and D-Wave's
Quantum Annealer. However, these are single-objective solvers, while many
real-world problems feature multiple conflicting objectives. Thus, a common
practice when using these QUBO solvers is to scalarise such multi-objective
problems into a sequence of single-objective problems. Due to design trade-offs
of these solvers, formulating each scalarisation may require more time than
finding a local optimum. We present the first attempt to extend the algorithm
supporting a commercial QUBO solver as a multi-objective solver that is not
based on scalarisation. The proposed multi-objective DA algorithm is validated
on the bi-objective Quadratic Assignment Problem. We observe that algorithm
performance significantly depends on the archiving strategy adopted, and that
combining DA with non-scalarisation methods to optimise multiple objectives
outperforms the current scalarised version of the DA in terms of final solution
quality.

研究表明，采用非标量化方法将多目标问题转化为单目标问题，可以克服 QUBO 解算器的设计折衷问题，并提高多目标 DA 算法的最终解决方案质量。