This paper studies radio propagation mechanisms that impact handoffs, air
interface design, beam steering, and MIMO for 5G mobile communication systems.
Knife edge diffraction (KED) and a creeping wave linear model are shown to
predict diffraction loss around typical building objects from 10 to 26 GHz, and
human blockage measurements at 73 GHz are shown to fit a double knife-edge
diffraction (DKED) model which incorporates antenna gains. Small-scale spatial
fading of millimeter wave received signal voltage amplitude is generally
Ricean-distributed for both omnidirectional and directional receive antenna
patterns under both line-of-sight (LOS) and non-line-of-sight (NLOS) conditions
in most cases, although the log-normal distribution fits measured data better
for the omnidirectional receive antenna pattern in the NLOS environment.
Small-scale spatial autocorrelations of received voltage amplitudes are shown
to fit sinusoidal exponential and exponential functions for LOS and NLOS
environments, respectively, with small decorrelation distances of 0.27 cm to
13.6 cm (smaller than the size of a handset) that are favorable for spatial
multiplexing. Local area measurements using cluster and route scenarios show
how the received signal changes as the mobile moves and transitions from LOS to
NLOS locations, with reasonably stationary signal levels within clusters.
Wideband mmWave power levels are shown to fade from 0.4 dB/ms to 40 dB/s,
depending on travel speed and surroundings.

本论文研究了对 5G 移动通信系统手 off、空气界面设计、波束成形和 MIMO 产生影响的无线电传播机制，探讨了毫米波的小尺度时空衰落特征，以及在 LOS 和 NLOS 条件下的接收电压幅度的空间自相关性。

5G 通信中小尺度、本地区域和过渡性毫米波传播

Small-Scale, Local Area, and Transitional Millimeter Wave Propagation  for 5G Communications

Future mobile communications systems are likely to be very different to those
of today with new service innovations driven by increasing data traffic demand,
increasing processing power of smart devices and new innovative applications.
To meet these service demands the telecommunications industry is converging on
a common set of 5G requirements which includes network speeds as high as 10
Gbps, cell edge rate greater than 100 Mbps, and latency of less than 1 msec. To
reach these 5G requirements the industry is looking at new spectrum bands in
the range up to 100 GHz where there is spectrum availability for wide bandwidth
channels. For the development of new 5G systems to operate in bands up to 100
GHz there is a need for accurate radio propagation models which are not
addressed by existing channel models developed for bands below 6 GHz. This
paper presents a preliminary overview of the 5G channel models for bands up to
100 GHz in indoor offices and shopping malls, derived from extensive
measurements across a multitude of bands. These studies have found some
extensibility of the existing 3GPP models to the higher frequency bands up to
100 GHz. The measurements indicate that the smaller wavelengths introduce an
increased sensitivity of the propagation models to the scale of the environment
and show some frequency dependence of the path loss as well as increased
occurrence of blockage. Further, the penetration loss is highly dependent on
the material and tends to increase with frequency. The small-scale
characteristics of the channel such as delay spread and angular spread and the
multipath richness is somewhat similar over the frequency range, which is
encouraging for extending the existing 3GPP models to the wider frequency
range. Further work will be carried out to complete these models, but this
paper presents the first steps for an initial basis for the model development.

讲述了 5G 通信系统需要在高达 100 GHz 的频段中进行先进设备和广泛频带通道的精确无线电传播模型的开发以应对未来通信需求。