Causal discovery, i.e., learning the causal graph from data, is often the
first step toward the identification and estimation of causal effects, a key
requirement in numerous scientific domains. Causal discovery is hampered by two
main challenges: limited data results in errors in statistical testing and the
computational complexity of the learning task is daunting. This paper builds
upon and extends four of our prior publications (Mokhtarian et al., 2021;
Akbari et al., 2021; Mokhtarian et al., 2022, 2023a). These works introduced
the concept of removable variables, which are the only variables that can be
removed recursively for the purpose of causal discovery. Presence and
identification of removable variables allow recursive approaches for causal
discovery, a promising solution that helps to address the aforementioned
challenges by reducing the problem size successively. This reduction not only
minimizes conditioning sets in each conditional independence (CI) test, leading
to fewer errors but also significantly decreases the number of required CI
tests. The worst-case performances of these methods nearly match the lower
bound. In this paper, we present a unified framework for the proposed
algorithms, refined with additional details and enhancements for a coherent
presentation. A comprehensive literature review is also included, comparing the
computational complexity of our methods with existing approaches, showcasing
their state-of-the-art efficiency. Another contribution of this paper is the
release of RCD, a Python package that efficiently implements these algorithms.
This package is designed for practitioners and researchers interested in
applying these methods in practical scenarios. The package is available at
github.com/ban-epfl/rcd, with comprehensive documentation provided at
rcdpackage.com.

本文介绍了一种从数据中学习因果图的因果发现方法，通过引入可移除变量的概念和递归方法来解决因果发现中的挑战，并提供了一个高效实现这些方法的 Python 包，可供实践者和研究人员在实际场景中使用。