This paper provides an analysis of radio wave scattering for frequencies
ranging from the microwave to the Terahertz band (e.g., 1 GHz - 1 THz), by
studying the scattering power reradiated from various types of materials with
different surface roughnesses. First, fundamentals of scattering and reflection
are developed and explained for use in wireless mobile radio, and the effect of
scattering on the reflection coefficient for rough surfaces is investigated.
Received power is derived using two popular scattering models - the directive
scattering (DS) model and the radar cross section (RCS) model through
simulations over a wide range of frequencies, materials, and orientations for
the two models, and measurements confirm the accuracy of the DS model at 140
GHz. This paper shows that scattering can become a prominent propagation
mechanism as frequencies extend to millimeter-wave (mmWave) and beyond, but at
other times can be treated like simple reflection. Knowledge of scattering
effects is critical for appropriate and realistic channel models, which further
support the development of massive multiple input-multiple output (MIMO)
techniques, localization, ray tracing tool design, and imaging for future 5G
and 6G wireless systems.

本文分析了从微波到太赫兹频段（例如，1 GHz - 1 THz）的射频散射，通过研究不同表面粗糙度的材料所重新辐射的散射功率。文章表明，散射可以成为一种突出的传播机制，但有其他时间可以像简单的反射一样处理，认识到散射效应对于适当和现实的通道模型至关重要，可以进一步支持未来 5G 和 6G 无线系统的大规模多输入多输出（MIMO）技术、本地化、射线追踪工具设计和成像。