Large-scale controlled evacuations require emergency services to select
evacuation routes, decide departure times, and mobilize resources to issue
orders, all under strict time constraints. Existing algorithms almost always
allow for preemptive evacuation schedules, which are less desirable in
practice. This paper proposes, for the first time, a constraint-based
scheduling model that optimizes the evacuation flow rate (number of vehicles
sent at regular time intervals) and evacuation phasing of widely populated
areas, while ensuring a nonpreemptive evacuation for each residential zone. Two
optimization objectives are considered: (1) to maximize the number of evacuees
reaching safety and (2) to minimize the overall duration of the evacuation.
Preliminary results on a set of real-world instances show that the approach can
produce, within a few seconds, a non-preemptive evacuation schedule which is
either optimal or at most 6% away of the optimal preemptive solution.

为了求得最大化撤离人数和最小化撤离时间的优化目标，该研究提出了一种基于约束的调度模型，以优化撤离流量和撤离阶段，保证每个住宅区的非抢占式撤离，其能够在几秒钟内生产出最佳的调度方案，或最佳抢占式的解决方案至多达 6％的误差。