Mathematical reasoning---a core ability within human intelligence---presents
some unique challenges as a domain: we do not come to understand and solve
mathematical problems primarily on the back of experience and evidence, but on
the basis of inferring, learning, and exploiting laws, axioms, and symbol
manipulation rules. In this paper, we present a new challenge for the
evaluation (and eventually the design) of neural architectures and similar
system, developing a task suite of mathematics problems involving sequential
questions and answers in a free-form textual input/output format. The
structured nature of the mathematics domain, covering arithmetic, algebra,
probability and calculus, enables the construction of training and test splits
designed to clearly illuminate the capabilities and failure-modes of different
architectures, as well as evaluate their ability to compose and relate
knowledge and learned processes. Having described the data generation process
and its potential future expansions, we conduct a comprehensive analysis of
models from two broad classes of the most powerful sequence-to-sequence
architectures and find notable differences in their ability to resolve
mathematical problems and generalize their knowledge.

该研究针对数学领域中的推理、学习、应用规则等独特挑战，提出了一个数学问题套件的任务，用于测试和评估神经架构等系统的性能、能力和失效模式。通过生成数据并运用序列到序列的最强模型，可以从不同角度评估模型在数学问题解决和知识推广方面的能力。

神经模型的数学推理能力分析

Analysing Mathematical Reasoning Abilities of Neural Models

Automatic speech recognition can potentially benefit from the lip motion
patterns, complementing acoustic speech to improve the overall recognition
performance, particularly in noise. In this paper we propose an audio-visual
fusion strategy that goes beyond simple feature concatenation and learns to
automatically align the two modalities, leading to enhanced representations
which increase the recognition accuracy in both clean and noisy conditions. We
test our strategy on the TCD-TIMIT and LRS2 datasets, designed for large
vocabulary continuous speech recognition, applying three types of noise at
different power ratios. We also exploit state of the art Sequence-to-Sequence
architectures, showing that our method can be easily integrated. Results show
relative improvements from 7% up to 30% on TCD-TIMIT over the acoustic modality
alone, depending on the acoustic noise level. We anticipate that the fusion
strategy can easily generalise to many other multimodal tasks which involve
correlated modalities. Code available online on GitHub:
this https URL

本文提出了一种音频视觉融合策略，该策略不仅可以超越简单的特征连接，而且可以自动地对齐两种方式，具有提高语音识别准确性的增强表示，特别适合干扰噪声环境中的识别任务，并且可以推广到许多涉及相关模态的多模态任务中。