The battery management system plays a vital role in ensuring the safety and
dependability of electric and hybrid vehicles. It is responsible for various
functions, including state evaluation, monitoring, charge control, and cell
balancing, all integrated within the BMS. Nonetheless, due to the uncertainties
surrounding battery performance, implementing these functionalities poses
significant challenges. In this study, we explore the latest approaches for
assessing battery states, highlight notable advancements in battery management
systems (BMS), address existing issues with current BMS technology, and put
forth possible solutions for predicting battery charging voltage.

电池管理系统在确保电动和混合动力汽车的安全和可靠性方面起着至关重要的作用。本研究探讨了评估电池状态的最新方法，突出了电池管理系统（BMS）的显著进展，解决了现有 BMS 技术存在的问题，并提出了预测电池充电电压的可能解决方案。

预测电动汽车电池输出电压：一种预测建模方法

Forecasting Electric Vehicle Battery Output Voltage: A Predictive  Modeling Approach

In this paper, we address a method that integrates reinforcement learning
into the Monte Carlo tree search to boost online path planning under fully
observable environments for automated parking tasks. Sampling-based planning
methods under high-dimensional space can be computationally expensive and
time-consuming. State evaluation methods are useful by leveraging the prior
knowledge into the search steps, making the process faster in a real-time
system. Given the fact that automated parking tasks are often executed under
complex environments, a solid but lightweight heuristic guidance is challenging
to compose in a traditional analytical way. To overcome this limitation, we
propose a reinforcement learning pipeline with a Monte Carlo tree search under
the path planning framework. By iteratively learning the value of a state and
the best action among samples from its previous cycle's outcomes, we are able
to model a value estimator and a policy generator for given states. By doing
that, we build up a balancing mechanism between exploration and exploitation,
speeding up the path planning process while maintaining its quality without
using human expert driver data.

通过将强化学习与蒙特卡洛树搜索相结合，我们提出了一种方法来增强完全可观察环境下自动停车任务的在线路径规划。通过先前的搜索步骤中综合利用先前的知识，状态评估方法对于在高维空间下的基于采样的规划方法可以提高实时系统中的计算效率。在复杂环境下执行自动停车任务的挑战在于传统的解析方式很难构建坚固但轻量级的启发式引导。为了克服这一限制，我们在路径规划框架下提出了一种强化学习流程和蒙特卡洛树搜索的结合。通过迭代学习状态的值以及从上一个周期的结果中选出的最佳动作样本，我们能够建模给定状态的值估计器和策略生成器。通过这样的方式，我们建立了一种探索与利用之间的平衡机制，加速了路径规划过程，并在不使用人工专家驾驶员数据的情况下保持其质量。