As the labeling cost for different modules in task-oriented dialog (ToD)
systems is expensive, a major challenge is to train different modules with the
least amount of labeled data. Recently, large-scale pre-trained language
models, have shown promising results for few-shot learning in ToD. In this
paper, we devise a self-training approach to utilize the abundant unlabeled
dialog data to further improve state-of-the-art pre-trained models in few-shot
learning scenarios for ToD systems. Specifically, we propose a self-training
approach that iteratively labels the most confident unlabeled data to train a
stronger Student model. Moreover, a new text augmentation technique (GradAug)
is proposed to better train the Student by replacing non-crucial tokens using a
masked language model. We conduct extensive experiments and present analyses on
four downstream tasks in ToD, including intent classification, dialog state
tracking, dialog act prediction, and response selection. Empirical results
demonstrate that the proposed self-training approach consistently improves
state-of-the-art pre-trained models (BERT, ToD-BERT) when only a small number
of labeled data are available.

研究通过自我训练的方法，利用大量未标记的对话数据进一步改进预先训练的模型，以应对高昂的对话系统不同模块的标注成本问题，并证明该方法在少量标记数据可利用时可以一致提高现有预先训练模型的性能。