This study introduces a structural-based training approach for CNN-based
algorithms in single-molecule localization microscopy (SMLM) and 3D object
reconstruction. We compare this approach with the traditional random-based
training method, utilizing the LUENN package as our AI pipeline. The
quantitative evaluation demonstrates significant improvements in detection rate
and localization precision with the structural-based training approach,
particularly in varying signal-to-noise ratios (SNRs). Moreover, the method
effectively removes checkerboard artifacts, ensuring more accurate 3D
reconstructions. Our findings highlight the potential of the structural-based
training approach to advance super-resolution microscopy and deepen our
understanding of complex biological systems at the nanoscale.

本研究介绍了一种基于结构的训练方法，用于单分子定位显微镜（SMLM）和三维物体重建的基于卷积神经网络（CNN）的算法。通过与传统的基于随机的训练方法相比较，利用 LUENN 软件包作为我们的人工智能管道，定量评估表明结构化训练方法在检测率和定位精度上有显著的提升，特别是在信噪比（SNR）变化的情况下。此外，该方法有效地消除了棋盘格伪影，确保更准确的三维重建。我们的研究结果突显了结构化训练方法在推进超分辨显微镜技术并深入理解纳米尺度下复杂生物系统方面的潜力。