Dynamic high resolution data on human population distribution is of great
importance for a wide spectrum of activities and real-life applications, but is
too difficult and expensive to obtain directly. Therefore, generating
fine-scaled population distributions from coarse population data is of great
significance. However, there are three major challenges: 1) the complexity in
spatial relations between high and low resolution population; 2) the dependence
of population distributions on other external information; 3) the difficulty in
retrieving temporal distribution patterns. In this paper, we first propose the
idea to generate dynamic population distributions in full-time series, then we
design dynamic population mapping via deep neural network(DeepDPM), a model
that describes both spatial and temporal patterns using coarse data and point
of interest information. In DeepDPM, we utilize super-resolution convolutional
neural network(SRCNN) based model to directly map coarse data into higher
resolution data, and a time-embedded long short-term memory model to
effectively capture the periodicity nature to smooth the finer-scaled results
from the previous static SRCNN model. We perform extensive experiments on a
real-life mobile dataset collected from Shanghai. Our results demonstrate that
DeepDPM outperforms previous state-of-the-art methods and a suite of frequent
data-mining approaches. Moreover, DeepDPM breaks through the limitation from
previous works in time dimension so that dynamic predictions in all-day time
slots can be obtained.

该文介绍了一种用于从粗数据生成精细人口分布的深度学习方法，该方法使用超分辨率卷积神经网络将粗数据直接映射到高分辨率数据，并使用嵌入时间信息的长短时记忆模型有效捕捉周期性变化以实现动态预测。文中对上海市的真实移动数据集进行了广泛的实验验证，并表明该方法优于现有方法和常用数据挖掘方法。

DeepDPM: 通过深度神经网络进行动态人口映射

DeepDPM: Dynamic Population Mapping via Deep Neural Network

As a successful deep model applied in image super-resolution (SR), the
Super-Resolution Convolutional Neural Network (SRCNN) has demonstrated superior
performance to the previous hand-crafted models either in speed and restoration
quality. However, the high computational cost still hinders it from practical
usage that demands real-time performance (24 fps). In this paper, we aim at
accelerating the current SRCNN, and propose a compact hourglass-shape CNN
structure for faster and better SR. We re-design the SRCNN structure mainly in
three aspects. First, we introduce a deconvolution layer at the end of the
network, then the mapping is learned directly from the original low-resolution
image (without interpolation) to the high-resolution one. Second, we
reformulate the mapping layer by shrinking the input feature dimension before
mapping and expanding back afterwards. Third, we adopt smaller filter sizes but
more mapping layers. The proposed model achieves a speed up of more than 40
times with even superior restoration quality. Further, we present the parameter
settings that can achieve real-time performance on a generic CPU while still
maintaining good performance. A corresponding transfer strategy is also
proposed for fast training and testing across different upscaling factors.

本研究致力于加速 Super-Resolution Convolutional Neural Network，并提出了一个紧凑的 hourglass-shape CNN 结构，以实现更快，更好的图像超分辨率，通过在网络末端添加反卷积层并缩小输入特征维度和采用更小的滤波器尺寸和更多的映射层，实现了超过 40 倍的速度提升和优越的恢复质量。