Recent advancements in technology, particularly in machine learning (ML),
deep learning (DL), and the metaverse, offer great potential for
revolutionizing surgical science. The combination of artificial intelligence
and extended reality (AI-XR) technologies has the potential to create a
surgical metaverse, a virtual environment where surgeries can be planned and
performed. This paper aims to provide insight into the various potential
applications of an AI-XR surgical metaverse and the challenges that must be
addressed to bring its full potential to fruition. It is important for the
community to focus on these challenges to fully realize the potential of the
AI-XR surgical metaverses. Furthermore, to emphasize the need for secure and
robust AI-XR surgical metaverses and to demonstrate the real-world implications
of security threats to the AI-XR surgical metaverses, we present a case study
in which the ``an immersive surgical attack'' on incision point localization is
performed in the context of preoperative planning in a surgical metaverse.

该论文探讨了机器学习、深度学习、元宇宙等技术在手术科学中的巨大潜力，通过结合人工智能和扩展现实等技术可以创建手术元宇宙，以此来规划和执行手术，同时提出了实现 AI-XR 手术元宇宙的挑战和必要性，以及一个关于手术元宇宙的安全性攻击案例.