We introduce a graph polynomial that distinguishes tree structures to
represent dependency grammar and a measure based on the polynomial
representation to quantify syntax similarity. The polynomial encodes accurate
and comprehensive information about the dependency structure and dependency
relations of words in a sentence. We apply the polynomial-based methods to
analyze sentences in the Parallel Universal Dependencies treebanks.
Specifically, we compare the syntax of sentences and their translations in
different languages, and we perform a syntactic typology study of available
languages in the Parallel Universal Dependencies treebanks. We also demonstrate
and discuss the potential of the methods in measuring syntax diversity of
corpora.

引入了一个可以区分树结构的图多项式来表达依存语法，并基于多项式表示引入了一种量化句子语法相似度的方法。通过将这个基于多项式的方法运用到分析并比较不同语言中的句子与其翻译之间的句法以及在已有语料库中进行语法学的类型学研究，最后探讨并展示了这种方法在衡量语料库的句法多样性方面的潜力。