Although various 3D datasets with different functions and scales have been
proposed recently, it remains challenging for individuals to complete the whole
pipeline of large-scale data collection, sanitization, and annotation.
Moreover, the created datasets usually suffer from extremely imbalanced class
distribution or partial low-quality data samples. Motivated by this, we explore
the procedurally synthetic 3D data generation paradigm to equip individuals
with the full capability of creating large-scale annotated photogrammetry point
clouds. Specifically, we introduce a synthetic aerial photogrammetry point
clouds generation pipeline that takes full advantage of open geospatial data
sources and off-the-shelf commercial packages. Unlike generating synthetic data
in virtual games, where the simulated data usually have limited gaming
environments created by artists, the proposed pipeline simulates the
reconstruction process of the real environment by following the same UAV flight
pattern on different synthetic terrain shapes and building densities, which
ensure similar quality, noise pattern, and diversity with real data. In
addition, the precise semantic and instance annotations can be generated fully
automatically, avoiding the expensive and time-consuming manual annotation.
Based on the proposed pipeline, we present a richly-annotated synthetic 3D
aerial photogrammetry point cloud dataset, termed STPLS3D, with more than 16
$km^2$ of landscapes and up to 18 fine-grained semantic categories. For
verification purposes, we also provide a parallel dataset collected from four
areas in the real environment. Extensive experiments conducted on our datasets
demonstrate the effectiveness and quality of the proposed synthetic dataset.

探索通过改进人们的能力来创造大规模注释的航空摄影测量点云的 3D 数据生成方法，利用开源地理空间数据和商业软件来生成精确的语义和实例注释，提出 STPLS3D 数据集并在其上进行的实验表明了该数据集的有效性和质量。