Fish stock assessment often involves manual fish counting by taxonomy
specialists, which is both time-consuming and costly. We propose an automated
computer vision system that performs both taxonomic classification and fish
size estimation from images taken with a low-cost digital camera. The system
first performs object detection and segmentation using a Mask R-CNN to identify
individual fish from images containing multiple fish, possibly consisting of
different species. Then each fish species is classified and the predicted
length using separate machine learning models. These models are trained on a
dataset of 50,000 hand-annotated images containing 163 different fish species,
ranging in length from 10cm to 250cm. Evaluated on held-out test data, our
system achieves a $92\%$ intersection over union on the fish segmentation task,
a $89\%$ top-1 classification accuracy on single fish species classification,
and a $2.3$~cm mean error on the fish length estimation task.

提出了一种基于计算机视觉的自动化鱼类数量评估系统，该系统能够通过低成本数字相机拍摄的图像进行鱼类分类和尺寸估计，训练模型在手动标注的 50000 张图像数据集上训练，实现了鱼类分割、物种分类和长度估计任务的高精度。

FishNet：用于低成本鱼类存量估计的深度神经网络

FishNet: Deep Neural Networks for Low-Cost Fish Stock Estimation

In an effort to catalog insect biodiversity, we propose a new large dataset
of hand-labelled insect images, the BIOSCAN-Insect Dataset. Each record is
taxonomically classified by an expert, and also has associated genetic
information including raw nucleotide barcode sequences and assigned barcode
index numbers, which are genetically-based proxies for species classification.
This paper presents a curated million-image dataset, primarily to train
computer-vision models capable of providing image-based taxonomic assessment,
however, the dataset also presents compelling characteristics, the study of
which would be of interest to the broader machine learning community. Driven by
the biological nature inherent to the dataset, a characteristic long-tailed
class-imbalance distribution is exhibited. Furthermore, taxonomic labelling is
a hierarchical classification scheme, presenting a highly fine-grained
classification problem at lower levels. Beyond spurring interest in
biodiversity research within the machine learning community, progress on
creating an image-based taxonomic classifier will also further the ultimate
goal of all BIOSCAN research: to lay the foundation for a comprehensive survey
of global biodiversity. This paper introduces the dataset and explores the
classification task through the implementation and analysis of a baseline
classifier.

为了对昆虫生物多样性进行编目，我们提出了一个新的手动标注昆虫图像的大型数据集，BIOSCAN-Insect 数据集。该数据集由专家进行分类，同时还提供相关的遗传信息，包括原始核苷酸条形码序列和分配的条形码索引号，这些是基于基因的物种分类的代理。本文介绍了一个由百万图像组成的精选数据集，主要用于训练能够提供基于图像的分类评估的计算机视觉模型，然而，该数据集还具有引人注目的特征，研究这些特征对于更广泛的机器学习社区也是有兴趣的。受数据集固有的生物学特性驱动，显示出了具有长尾类别不平衡分布的特点。此外，分类标签是一个分层分类方案，对低层级的问题提出了非常细粒度的分类问题。通过在实施和分析基准分类器的过程中探索分类任务，本文将促进机器学习社区对生物多样性研究的兴趣，并推动创建基于图像的分类器的进展，这也将进一步实现 BIOSCAN 研究的终极目标：为全球生物多样性的综合调查奠定基础。